Impacts of large-scale circulation patterns on the temperature extremes in the cold regions of China with global warming

The cold regions of China (CRC) are important and vulnerable freshwater recharge areas on land, any changes in them related to the survival millions people East Asia. However, for nearly half a century, regions, extreme temperature response global warming is still poorly understood. In this study, we systematically studied since 1961 discussed possible circulation factors detail. results showed that 1) magnitudes nights warm greater than those days days, decreases increases appeared almost all China. Most indices displayed largest winter. 2) Spatially, most extremes, stations located at Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (TPC) Northwest (NWC) larger trend shown by station Northeast (NEC). 3) responses extremes different each index variable. Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) has significant relationship with Almost TPC NWC closely North (NAO), especially diurnal range (DTR), daily maximum temperature, extremes. Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) significantly MEI impact only TPC’s warmest night (TNx). 4) relationships every season summer winter impacts range, minimum temperatures (TNm), TNx.